How can a daily supplement improve heart health?

There is undoubtedly an element of genetic predisposition in MS but the evidence suggests that this disease is more strongly related to environmental factors than genes. In other words, a person may have a genetic predisposition to the disease but not develop it unless exposed to a specific environmental ‘trigger’. MS is the most common disease of the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord) affecting young adults in the UK. It currently affects around 85,000 people in the UK and can occur at any age, but in most cases symptoms first appear between the ages of 20 and 40. The majority of patients with MS have the relapsing-remitting form of the disease, characterised by attacks or relapses interspersed with periods of recovery or remission (Harbige and Sharief, 2007). It is a life-long condition, but it is not terminal and people with MS can expect to live as long as anyone else (NHS Direct, 2008c).

EFAs are found mainly in the flesh and skin of oily fish (e.g. salmon, sardines, mackerel). Saturated fats are often found in high levels in meat (with visible fat), butter, cheese, cream and in many processed foods, such as sausages, burgers, cakes, biscuits, pastries and desserts. The fish used in organic fish feeds come from the discarded filleting wastes (blood, guts, tails and heads) of fish caught for human consumption and should not contain fish caught specifically for fish feed. However, this does mean the supply is sustainable; human demand for fish also exceeds supply. Compared to conventional fish feed, organic fish feed may use more fish-based ingredients than non-organic fish feed but still might only have 40 per cent fishmeal and about per cent fish oil (Soil Association, 2008a). The amount of PhIP in some foods may typically lie in the region of 35 nanograms per gram.

After three months of treatment, results showed significant improvements in reading, spelling and behaviour among those receiving the fish oil supplements. The researchers concluded that fatty acid supplements may be a safe, tolerable, effective treatment for improving academic progress and behaviour among children with DCD. In other words, children who are not fulfilling their potential may benefit from increasing their intake of essential fatty acids.

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Swank was intrigued by the geographical distribution of MS and hypothesised that dietary fat intake may contribute to progression of MS. One of the most intriguing features of MS is that it occurs more in countries that are far from the equator. For example, MS is relatively common in the UK, North America and Scandinavia, but hardly ever occurs in countries such as Malaysia and Ecuador (NHS Direct, 2008c).

A quality improvement study of early dietetic intervention in the emergency department

• This process reshapes the double bonds, twisting them so that the hydrogen atoms end up on different sides of the chain.
• This article aims at connecting economics, education and gender in the MDGs, inviting world leaders to reaffirm education as a human right and as a major driver of economic and social development.
• For the director, though, the zone is also “one of the most beautiful places on earth.” He rhapsodies about the wild life and the way “nature has evolved” in the absence of humans.
• Flaxseed and other plant-based sources of omega-3s are sustainable sources of this important fatty acid as well as being the healthier option.
• Environmental contamination of the oceans now means that when you take a mouthful of fish you are also taking a mouthful of neurotoxins and carcinogens (mercury, PCBs and dioxins).
• Furthermore, a recent study from the University of Cambridge revealed that vegetarians convert more ALA to EPA and DHA than fish-eaters (Welch et al., 2008).
• In fact, the levels of toxins in farmed fish are a significant concern to many scientists.

Because of this, and dwindling fish stocks, interest in plant-based sources of omega-3 fatty acids has increased tremendously (Chilton et al., 2008). In 2004, the Cochrane Collaboration reviewed the current evidence to see whether dietary or supplemental omega-3 fatty acids alter total mortality (death rate) or cardiovascular events (heart attack and stroke) (Hooper et al., 2004). They concluded that there was no overall benefit either on heart attacks, deaths from heart disease or overall mortality. While unsaturated fats are an important part of our diets, we have absolutely no dietary requirement at all for saturated fat.

Unsaturated fats

A review of studies on fish oils and heart health (which included over half a million heart disease patients), showed no clear benefit of omega-3 fats on heart health. One possible explanation the authors suggest for this is the harmful effects of toxins found in oily fish. Many people are unaware that all the world’s oceans and rivers are contaminated with toxic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins and mercury. These toxins accumulate, especially in fatty fish, as you move up the food chain and may completely cancel out any beneficial effects the omega-3s offer. So you are better off getting your omega-3s from healthy plant-based sources such as flaxseed oil, hempseed oil and walnuts. Similar findings were reported in the Nurses’ Health Study which looked at over 76,000 women over 10 years (Hu et al., 1999).

Plant EFAs leading the way to good health

Conversely, studies have shown that people who eat large amounts of red meat seem to have a higher risk of developing inflammatory arthritis. Evidence suggests that LDL can also harm the walls of the arteries when it is damaged or oxidised (Galassetti and Pontello, 2006). For example, one study showed how eating two eggs a day for three weeks not only raised LDL levels by about 10 per cent but increased oxidised LDL by 34 per cent (Levy et al., 1996). The authors concluded that egg consumption, in addition to raising cholesterol, increased how readily LDL could be oxidised.

The research suggests that polyunsaturated omega-3 fats may help some people with arthritis and other inflammatory conditions. The fact that people also tend to lose weight on a vegan diet contributes further to its beneficial effects. When trying to lose weight, it is important to maintain a good intake of nutrients.

• The authors suggest that the amount of ALA needed to reduce the risk of a second heart attack can be obtained from just 2 teaspoons of soya bean or rapeseed oil, 1-2 millilitres of flaxseed oil or just 6-10 halves of walnuts per day.
• Omega-6 fats favour the formation of specific eicosanoids (hormone-like molecules) that are involved in allergic inflammation.
• Rather than looking for a magic bullet, improving the quality of school meals and education about diet and health would perhaps have been a better approach.
• The advertisements for this so-called ‘clever milk’ featured the scientist Professor Robert Winston, lending kudos to the outlandish claims.

Omega-3s from algae – cut out the middleman

Some studies suggest that dairy foods are neutral for heart health but as yet there is not enough evidence to advise low or full-fat dairy. A study by the Food Safety Authority of Ireland found that only one-third of the brands marketed there fell within the limits, which define levels of dioxins permitted in fish oils and fish oil capsules. One brand, Solgar Norwegian Cod Liver Oil, had levels of dioxins five times greater than the EU limits. The best-performing was Eskimo-3 Stable Fish Oil Supplement, which was well within the limit and also contained low levels of PCBs, a related chemical. Food Safety Agency researchers found in 1997 that fish oil could make “a significant contribution to dietary exposures to dioxins”.

How much fat do dogs actually need in their diet?

Wishing you all a very happy christmas and happy New year (because you have certainly made my Christmas). ‘Using ECMWF’s Forecasts’ (UEF2023) provided a platform to discuss the use and performance of ECMWF’s forecasts and related products. UEF2023 was an in-person event and took place at ECMWF’s headquarters in Reading, UK. Jury members take into account several important criteria including technological innovation, comfort, safety, driveability, fuel economy, environmental footprint and total cost of ownership.

As stated, meat, poultry, fish, eggs and dairy products all contain cholesterol, while a plant-based diet contains little or no cholesterol. The experimental group ate a low-fat wholegrain plant-based diet containing lots of fruits, vegetables and pulses. They also followed an exercise programme, practised various forms of stress management but did not receive medication. They were monitored against a control group of similar patients who received conventional treatments.

• Mark undertook 2 specialist fellowships in both foot & ankle surgery and knee surgery during his training.
• Try to boost your intake of antioxidants, found in brightly coloured fruits and vegetables.
• Men, boys and women past childbearing age or who are not intending to have children can eat up to four portions of oily fish a week before the possible risks might start to outweigh the benefits.
• These recommendations are similar to those given by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO).

Evidence shows that at least for some people with arthritis, a healthier diet can help considerably. The links between the carbon atoms are called bonds and can be single or double. Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds and are fully ‘saturated’ with hydrogen atoms. Monounsaturated fats have one double bond and polyunsaturated fats have more than one. The way different fatty acids behave in the body is largely determined by the number and location of these double bonds. Safer, healthier and sustainable sources of omega-3s include flaxseeds (linseeds), rapeseeds, soya, walnuts and oils made from them.

• He stressed how Mediterranean diets have been shown to improve endothelial function (how the internal lining of the blood vessels work).
• Conversely, a healthier diet, such as the Mediterranean diet (rich in antioxidants and flavanoids), appears to reduce how readily LDL is oxidised (Lapointe et al., 2006).
• During this time 232 women suffered a fatal heart attack and 597 a non-fatal attack.
• Interestingly though, antioxidant supplements and fish oil supplements have not been clearly demonstrated to prevent LDL oxidation.
• It currently affects around 85,000 people in the UK and can occur at any age, but in most cases symptoms first appear between the ages of 20 and 40.
• Unfortunately misleading publicity from this and other research has encouraged companies to produce so-called functional foods such as St Ivel Advance Omega-3 milk.
• Dairy Crest, the firm behind the product, withdrew the adverts following the ruling.

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Shellfish (such as clams, mussels and oysters) are also filter feeders, constantly filtering water, which can lead to the accumulation of pollutants. The FSA recommends that elderly https://www.efas2023.org/forum/ people and people who are unwell might want to avoid eating raw shellfish to reduce their risk of food poisoning (FSA, 2008d). Most shellfish is eaten cooked, but oysters are often served raw and can contain a virus called the Norovirus. Raw or partially cooked shellfish can also contain hepatitis A, which is a highly contagious virus of the liver. It is reported that omega-3 fats can help fight heart disease, asthma, type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis. The beneficial effects have also been seen in some cancers, inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, osteoporosis, mental health, dry eye disease, age-related macular degeneration and psoriasis (Simopoulos, 2008).

Healthy Eating

In 2001, the first controlled study examining the long-term effect of a vegan, gluten-free diet on rheumatoid arthritis found that this diet could improve the signs and symptoms of this condition (Hafström et al., 2001). The authors of this study suggested that a gluten-free vegan diet may, in some people, reduce the immune response that triggers rheumatoid arthritis. Another study tested a low-fat, vegan diet in patients with moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis (McDougall et al., 2002). Results also showed those who switched to this type of diet experienced a significant reduction in symptoms. Studies have been carried out to try to find whether omega-3 fats and/or fish oils can be helpful for osteoarthritis, but the results so far are inconclusive. Spence states that it is no longer reasonable for patients with heart disease to be prescribed diets containing a daily intake of animal flesh (Spence, 2002).

This is like expecting a car to run on a lower grade fuel than it was designed for. Diets low in saturated fat and relatively high in omega-3 fats (higher than the low amount present in most UK diets) can reduce the severity of some autoimmune diseases. Conversely, diets high in the omega-6 fat LA may increase the severity of these conditions (Harbige, 2003).

A quality improvement study of early dietetic intervention in the emergency department

A well-balanced healthy diet can help you if you are taking strong drugs for arthritis. In fact, ARC states that if you are taking strong drugs for arthritis there is even more reason to eat a good diet as it can help to protect the body against some of the side-effects of the drugs. For example steroids, such as prednisolone, can cause osteoporosis, particularly if you stay on them for a long time. Our bodies use inflammation to protect tissues from infection, injury or disease. The inflammatory process usually promotes healing but, when uncontrolled, it can also harm.

This study measured hair mercury content in healthy individuals and then recorded CVD events (such as heart attacks) over the following years. Attempts to alter the fatty acid composition of cow’s milk, in order to meet human requirements, have involved experiments feeding cows fish meal and soya beans (Abu-Ghazaleh et al., 2004) and flaxseed (Petit, 2002). Feeding flaxseed resulted in a lower omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratio, which might improve the nutritional value of milk for humans. Of course you could just eat flaxseed oil yourself to improve the balance of omega-3 and omega-6 oils in your diet while avoiding the many undesirable components of cow’s milk and oily fish.

And, yes, being there sparked his curiosity about becoming a filmmaker himself. “The fact that the humans are gone doesn’t mean that nature goes back to some sort of original balance, because there is no such thing,” Radynski nonetheless dismisses the idea that some new Eden has sprung up in the shadow of the nuclear reactor. For the director, though, the zone is also “one of the most beautiful places on earth.” He rhapsodies about the wild life and the way “nature has evolved” in the absence of humans. Initial funding for the documentary came from The Reckoning Project, the initiative to collate testimony and evidence of Russian war crimes. The film had Lithuanian co-producers (Studija Kinema) but was made through Ukrainian collective Kinotron. The Russians realised they were being filmed and tried to tape up the camera lenses and turn off the cameras – but (typically) they failed to do an efficient job.

Unless you seek out wild fish, the chances are that most of the fish you see in shops and restaurants were raised on a fish farm in an environment very different to what their wild counterparts would have experienced. One of the main differences on many fish farms is the stocking density – imagine having to fight your way through the January sales every day just to get something to eat. Some research suggests that the dramatic increase in the consumption of omega-6 fats, coupled to the decrease in omega-3 fats consumed, is a major driver of the increase of a range of inflammatory allergic reactions (Chilton et al., 2008). In conclusion, moderate intakes of omega-6 fats and the appropriate ratio between omega-6 and omega-3 fats are important for the correct functioning of the immune system (Harbige, 2003). The optimum ratio varies depending on age and the basis of the autoimmune disease. As with other autoimmune diseases, it is thought that a combination of genetic factors and environmental factors causes the disease.

Mercury rising:

However, the AHA warned that the recommendations on fish consumption need to be balanced with concerns over contamination of fish with environmental pollutants (particularly mercury and PCBs). This is an incredibly important proviso which seriously challenges the idea that fish is ‘healthy’. It should be noted that the AHA also recommended plant foods that are high in the plant omega-3 ALA such as soya beans, rapeseed, walnuts and flaxseed and oils made from them. Most cases of food poisoning result from eating contaminated animal products (meat, poultry, eggs, dairy, fish and shellfish) as plants tend not to harbour the types of bacteria capable of causing food poisoning in humans. If plant foods do cause food poisoning it is generally because they have been contaminated with animal excreta, human sewerage or prepared with dirty hands. Although human breast milk and cow’s milk contain a similar amount of total fat, the proportion of saturated and unsaturated fats in each is very different.

According to The European Pet Food Industry Federation (FEDIAF) guidelines, the base minimum amount of fat for healthy young adult dogs is 5.5% (of the food’s dry matter). It is also specified that 1% of the food needs to be linoleic acid, one of the essential fatty acids. Mature adults are more likely to gain excess weight, and so this should drop to 8-15%, with those with low activity levels or prone to obesity using the lower end at 8-10% dry matter. Saturated fats can increase the level of a certain type of cholesterol (‘LDL’), which can build up over time in arteries and blood vessels, increasing the risk of heart attack or stroke. Healthy eating is about having a balance of different foods to provide all the nutrients your body needs for healthy living and to reduce the risk of disease. Healthy eating does not have to be boring or difficult, it is about enjoying your food, whilst being mindful about what you eat.

He has a secondary specialism in knee surgery – treating sports injuries and elective problems such as arthritis. He offers Arthroscopy and Joint Replacement surgery (both partial and total knee replacement). Mark undertook 2 specialist fellowships in both foot & ankle surgery and knee surgery during his training.

Oily fish

Unfortunately, the previous company hosting their website was hit by a ransomware attack in November 2020, causing the eClinical forum site to be offline for a period of two weeks. Some of them are able to make films while in the army as well, some are not…but it is just a big privilege,” he repeats of being given the chance to make documentaries like this even after the full-scale invasion. After the collapse of communism in 1991, the studio almost went bankrupt and soon fell into disrepair. It was still an exciting place for the young Radynski and his friends to roam around.

Cutting out one of the main food groups, such as carbohydrates can cause dietary imbalance. When the Eatwell Guide is followed, your body will receive the nutrients it needs for optimal health. He is collaborating with a number of national multicentre studies including the UK Falcon study and a multicentre FAME (Fracture ankle pragmatic RCT) trial. Free radical damage has been linked to premature ageing and many of the illnesses that are connected to us getting older including cancer, heart disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Mark has recently taught and lectured on national & European instructional courses covering plantar plate repair, ankle cartilage surgery, flat foot and ankle fusion surgery and minimally invasive techniques.

Conversely, a healthier diet, such as the Mediterranean diet (rich in antioxidants and flavanoids), appears to reduce how readily LDL is oxidised (Lapointe et al., 2006). Interestingly though, antioxidant supplements and fish oil supplements have not been clearly demonstrated to prevent LDL oxidation. The GISSI-Prevenzione trial similarly looked at the effect of EPA and DHA on 11,324 patients (primarily men) who had recently survived a heart attack. Half the participants received a daily supplement (1 gram per day) of omega-3 fish oil capsules, while the other half did not (GISSI, 1999). The answer lies, partly, in the role EFAs may have in lowering the risk of heart disease and stroke.

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